Physiology for Beginners

Quantum computing for beginners

The paper introduces the basic concepts and principles behind quantum computing and examines in detail Shor’s quantum algorithm for factoring very large numbers. Some basic methodological principles and guidelines for constructing quantum algorithms are stated. The aim is not to provide a formal exposition of quantum computing but to identify its novelty and potential use in tackling NP-hard pr...

Biotechnology for Beginners

NS Simulator for Beginners

NS-2 is an open-source discrete event network simulator which is widely used by both the research community as well as by the people involved in the standardization protocols of IETF. The goal of this book is twofold: on one hand to learn how to use the NS-2 simulator, and on the other hand, to become acquainted with and to understand the operation of some of the simulated objects using NS-2 si...

PROGRES for Beginners

Binocular rivalry for beginners

Binocular rivalry is a remarkable phenomenon of vision—two dissimilar images are presented simultaneously to each eye, and perception alternates between them. For example, if the left eye views horizontal lines and the right eye views vertical lines, an observer will report seeing one of the images for a few seconds, then the other, then the first again, and so on for as long as he or she cares...